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We spend a lot of time talking about where capital should go - but far less about how it gets there. And right now, the how is quietly undermining the health of UK equity markets.
The UK government has made bold moves through the Mansion House reforms to unlock pension capital for domestic investment. On the surface, the direction of travel looks positive. But policy alone won’t fix what’s broken. Because at the core of our capital markets problem lies something deeper - a systemic shift toward passive, model-driven investing that is draining UK public markets of both capital and conviction.
Over the past decade, the combination of regulatory reform and technological innovation has transformed the way retirement savings are managed. Since the introduction of the Retail Distribution Review (RDR) in 20121, the financial advice industry has increasingly adopted model portfolio solutions (MPSs), discretionary fund managers (DFMs), and low-cost multi-asset platforms as the default vehicles for client investments. This shift has fundamentally reshaped advice incentives, portfolio construction, and the processes behind investment decision-making.
As a result, portfolios have become more automated, less personalised, and increasingly global in their orientation. One major consequence has been a sharp decline in domestic equity exposure within defined contribution (DC) pension schemes. In 2012, around half of the UK’s £1.1 trillion in DC pension assets were invested in UK equities. By 2023, that figure had dropped to roughly 20% - driven largely by the widespread adoption of global investment strategies.
Scottish Widows recently confirmed plans to significantly reduce their allocation to UK equities in default workplace pension funds. Instead, they cite a preference for a “more globally diversified approach” – signalling a divergence from the Mansion House Accord’s goal of supporting domestic investment, which they opted not to endorse.
But they are in the minority. Seventeen major providers, representing the vast majority of the UK DC market, have chosen to endorse the Accord – and with that, a renewed commitment to UK plc.
What’s more, increased domestic allocations aren’t a radical or uniquely British concept. In other countries - notably Australia - there are clear incentives and structural encouragements to direct pension capital into local markets. We need to ask why that isn’t happening here.
Retail investor sentiment hasn’t helped either. According to the Investment Association (IA) retail fund data, UK equity funds experienced outflows of £0.8 billion selling out of UK equities in April 2025. This was down from £1.2 billion in March2, bringing total net redemptions to approximately £5 billion year-to-date, following £12.6 billion in outflows during 2024.
This is not just about performance or risk appetite. It’s about access, visibility, and structural disincentives. Passive flows don’t favour under-owned, under-researched UK stocks. They flow into the familiar names. And when “value for money” is defined purely by headline fees, active managers working in domestic small and mid-cap spaces simply don’t get a look in.
The 2023 Mansion House Compact aimed to shift this dynamic by encouraging pension providers to invest 5% of DC default funds into unlisted equities - including AIM. The 2025 Accord extended that commitment to 10%, including infrastructure and private equity, with at least half earmarked for the UK.
But public markets are still losing out. Despite AIM being one of the few public venues where genuine growth capital can still meet private company dynamism, it risks being sidelined in favour of opaque, higher-fee private structures.
Meanwhile, the government is preparing to use reserve powers under the Pension Schemes Bill to force the reallocation of pension capital into “approved” asset classes - if providers don’t comply voluntarily. That’s an aggressive move. And it risks entrenching the wrong incentives if we’re not careful.
In today’s passive-dominated world, the biggest companies get the biggest inflows - which pushes up their valuations, lowers their cost of capital, and reinforces their market position. This isn't a meritocracy. It's a momentum machine.
This dynamic is especially concerning when it concentrates exposure to already highly valued stocks – like the so-called Magnificent Seven. If these valuations prove overextended, the correction could be painful. Passive flows don’t question price; they follow it.
It also suppresses engagement. Passive capital doesn’t vote with conviction. It doesn’t speak to management. It doesn’t provide feedback loops that keep markets healthy and boards accountable.
Lord Alastair King, the Lord Mayor of London, recently urged employers to rethink the “value for money” of their pension schemes - encouraging a shift away from pure cost and toward long-term return. That’s the right direction. But talk is cheap, and behavioural change takes time. Especially when the structures pulling money away from UK equities remain untouched.
At Downing, we don’t just allocate capital. We back businesses with purpose. Our team has a long history of board-level engagement, challenging strategy and supporting management with the aim of growing value - not just tracking it.
That kind of engagement is hard to scale in a passive world. But it’s exactly what the UK market needs right now. A functioning public equity ecosystem. A viable path to Initial Public Offering (IPO) for UK innovators. A commitment to transparency, liquidity, and shared growth.
So, if we’re serious about rebuilding the UK’s economic engine, let’s stop assuming that all capital is equal. Let’s challenge the idea that passive is always cheaper, and cheaper is always better. Let’s build a system that rewards alignment, stewardship and long-term thinking - not just lowest-fee inertia.
Because passive flows and poorly targeted policy may not make headlines yet - but they’re slowly strangling our markets from the inside out.
Partner and Head of Downing Fund Managers
1 New regulatory rules come into force on 31 December 2012 following the FSA’s Retail Distribution Review (RDR) (now the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA)). VATFIN7655 - The Retail Distribution Review - HMRC internal manual - GOV.UK
Opinions expressed represent the views of the fund manager at the time of publication, are subject to change, and should not be interpreted as investment advice.
This content is for information only and does not form part of a direct offer or invitation to purchase, subscribe for or dispose of securities and no reliance should be placed on it. Whilst care has been taken in compiling this content, no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made by Downing LLP as to its accuracy or completeness, including for external sources (which may have been used) which have not been verified. Downing is a trading name of Downing LLP. Downing LLP is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (Firm Reference No. 545025). Registered in England and Wales (No. OC341575). Registered Office: 10 Lower Thames Street London EC3R 6AF.
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